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# Source code for torch.ao.quantization.quantize_fx

    from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union
    import warnings

    import torch
    import copy
    from torch.fx import GraphModule
    from torch.fx.graph_module import _USER_PRESERVED_ATTRIBUTES_KEY
    from .fx.tracer import QuantizationTracer
    from .fx.tracer import (  # noqa: F401
        Scope,
        ScopeContextManager
    )
    from .fx.fuse import fuse  # noqa: F401
    from .fx.prepare import prepare  # noqa: F401
    from .fx.convert import convert
    from .backend_config import (  # noqa: F401
        BackendConfig,
        get_tensorrt_backend_config,
    )
    from .fx.graph_module import ObservedGraphModule  # noqa: F401
    from .fx.custom_config import (
        ConvertCustomConfig,
        FuseCustomConfig,
        PrepareCustomConfig,
    )
    from .fx.utils import get_custom_module_class_keys  # noqa: F401
    from .fx.utils import get_skipped_module_name_and_classes
    from .qconfig_mapping import QConfigMapping

    def attach_preserved_attrs_to_model(
        model: Union[GraphModule, torch.nn.Module],
        preserved_attrs: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> None:
        """ Store preserved attributes to the model.meta so that it can be preserved during deepcopy
        """
        model.meta[_USER_PRESERVED_ATTRIBUTES_KEY] = copy.copy(preserved_attrs)  # type: ignore[operator, index, assignment]
        # set the preserved attributes in the model so that user can call
        # model.attr as they do before calling fx graph mode quantization
        for attr_name, attr in model.meta[_USER_PRESERVED_ATTRIBUTES_KEY].items():  # type: ignore[index, union-attr]
            setattr(model, attr_name, attr)

    def _check_is_graph_module(model: torch.nn.Module) -> None:
        if not isinstance(model, GraphModule):
            raise ValueError(
                "input model must be a GraphModule, "
                + "Got type:"
                + str(type(model))
                + " Please make "
                + "sure to follow the tutorials."
            )

    def _attach_meta_to_node_if_not_exist(model: GraphModule) -> None:
        """ Attach meta field to all nodes of the graph if it does not exist,
        meta field is a field stores some meta information about the node, such
        as dtype and shape information for output of the node, this only exists
        if the program is captured by make_fx (used in quantize_pt2e flow), if
        the program is captured by torch.fx symbolic tracing, this field may not exist,
        so we add it here to avoid checking this all over the places
        """
        for node in model.graph.nodes:
            if not hasattr(node, "meta"):
                node.meta = {}

    def _swap_ff_with_fxff(model: torch.nn.Module) -> None:
        r""" Swap FloatFunctional with FXFloatFunctional
        """
        modules_to_swap = []
        for name, module in model.named_children():
            if isinstance(module, torch.ao.nn.quantized.FloatFunctional):
                modules_to_swap.append(name)
            else:
                _swap_ff_with_fxff(module)

        for name in modules_to_swap:
            del model._modules[name]
            model._modules[name] = torch.ao.nn.quantized.FXFloatFunctional()

    def _fuse_fx(
        model: GraphModule,
        is_qat: bool,
        fuse_custom_config: Union[FuseCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        backend_config: Union[BackendConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        r""" Internal helper function to fuse modules in preparation for quantization

        Args:
            model: GraphModule object from symbolic tracing (torch.fx.symbolic_trace)
        """
        _check_is_graph_module(model)
        return fuse(
            model, is_qat, fuse_custom_config, backend_config)  # type: ignore[operator]

    def _prepare_fx(
        model: torch.nn.Module,
        qconfig_mapping: Union[QConfigMapping, Dict[str, Any]],
        is_qat: bool,
        example_inputs: Tuple[Any, ...],
        prepare_custom_config: Union[PrepareCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        _equalization_config: Optional[Union[QConfigMapping, Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
        backend_config: Union[BackendConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        is_standalone_module: bool = False,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        r""" Internal helper function for prepare_fx
        Args:
          `model`, `qconfig_mapping`, `prepare_custom_config`, `_equalization_config`:
          see docs for :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.prepare_fx`
          `is_standalone_module`: a boolean flag indicates whether we are
          quantizing a standalone module or not, a standalone module
          is a submodule of the parent module that is not inlined in the
    forward graph of the parent module,
          the way we quantize standalone module is described in:
          :func:`~torch.ao.quantization._prepare_standalone_module_fx`
        """
        if prepare_custom_config is None:
            prepare_custom_config = PrepareCustomConfig()
        if _equalization_config is None:
            _equalization_config = QConfigMapping()

        if isinstance(prepare_custom_config, Dict):
            warnings.warn(
                "Passing a prepare_custom_config_dict to prepare is deprecated and will not be supported "
                "in a future version. Please pass in a PrepareCustomConfig instead.")
            prepare_custom_config = PrepareCustomConfig.from_dict(prepare_custom_config)

        # swap FloatFunctional with FXFloatFunctional
        _swap_ff_with_fxff(model)

        skipped_module_names, skipped_module_classes = \
            get_skipped_module_name_and_classes(prepare_custom_config, is_standalone_module)
        preserved_attr_names = prepare_custom_config.preserved_attributes
        preserved_attrs = {attr: getattr(model, attr) for attr in preserved_attr_names if hasattr(model, attr)}
        # symbolically trace the model
        tracer = QuantizationTracer(skipped_module_names, skipped_module_classes)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
        graph_module = GraphModule(model, tracer.trace(model))
        _attach_meta_to_node_if_not_exist(graph_module)

        fuse_custom_config = FuseCustomConfig().set_preserved_attributes(prepare_custom_config.preserved_attributes)
        graph_module = _fuse_fx(
            graph_module,
            is_qat,
            fuse_custom_config,
            backend_config)
        prepared = prepare(
            graph_module,
            qconfig_mapping,
            is_qat,
            tracer.node_name_to_scope,
            example_inputs=example_inputs,
            prepare_custom_config=prepare_custom_config,
            _equalization_config=_equalization_config,
            backend_config=backend_config,
            is_standalone_module=is_standalone_module,
        )  # type: ignore[operator]

        attach_preserved_attrs_to_model(prepared, preserved_attrs)
        return prepared

    def _prepare_standalone_module_fx(
        model: torch.nn.Module,
        qconfig_mapping: Union[QConfigMapping, Dict[str, Any]],
        is_qat: bool,
        example_inputs: Tuple[Any, ...],
        prepare_custom_config: Union[PrepareCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        backend_config: Union[BackendConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        r""" [Internal use only] Prepare a standalone module, so that it can be used when quantizing the
        parent module.
        standalone_module means it a submodule that is not inlined in parent module,
        and will be quantized separately as one unit.

        How the standalone module is observed is specified by `input_quantized_idxs` and
        `output_quantized_idxs` in the prepare_custom_config for the standalone module

        Returns:

            * model(GraphModule): prepared standalone module. It has these attributes in
              model.meta:

                * `standalone_module_input_quantized_idxs(List[Int])`: a list of
                  indexes for the graph input that is expected to be quantized,
                  same as input_quantized_idxs configuration provided
                  for the standalone module
                * `standalone_module_output_quantized_idxs(List[Int])`: a list of
                  indexs for the graph output that is quantized
                  same as input_quantized_idxs configuration provided
                  for the standalone module

        """
        return _prepare_fx(
            model,
            qconfig_mapping,
            is_qat,
            example_inputs,
            prepare_custom_config,
            backend_config=backend_config,
            is_standalone_module=True,
        )

    def fuse_fx(
        model: torch.nn.Module,
        fuse_custom_config: Union[FuseCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        backend_config: Union[BackendConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        r""" Fuse modules like conv+bn, conv+bn+relu etc, model must be in eval mode.
        Fusion rules are defined in torch.ao.quantization.fx.fusion_pattern.py

        Args:

            * `model` (torch.nn.Module): a torch.nn.Module model
            * `fuse_custom_config` (FuseCustomConfig): custom configurations for fuse_fx.
                See :class:`~torch.ao.quantization.fx.custom_config.FuseCustomConfig` for more details
        Example::

            from torch.ao.quantization import fuse_fx
            m = Model().eval()
            m = fuse_fx(m)

        """
        if fuse_custom_config is None:
            fuse_custom_config = FuseCustomConfig()

        if isinstance(fuse_custom_config, Dict):
            warnings.warn(
                "Passing a fuse_custom_config_dict to fuse is deprecated and will not be supported "
                "in a future version. Please pass in a FuseCustomConfig instead.")
            fuse_custom_config = FuseCustomConfig.from_dict(fuse_custom_config)

        torch._C._log_api_usage_once("quantization_api.quantize_fx.fuse_fx")
        preserved_attr_names = fuse_custom_config.preserved_attributes
        preserved_attrs = {attr: getattr(model, attr) for attr in preserved_attr_names if hasattr(model, attr)}

        graph_module = torch.fx.symbolic_trace(model)
        _attach_meta_to_node_if_not_exist(graph_module)
        graph_module = _fuse_fx(graph_module, False, fuse_custom_config, backend_config)

        attach_preserved_attrs_to_model(graph_module, preserved_attrs)
        return graph_module

    def prepare_fx(
        model: torch.nn.Module,
        qconfig_mapping: Union[QConfigMapping, Dict[str, Any]],
        example_inputs: Tuple[Any, ...],
        prepare_custom_config: Union[PrepareCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        _equalization_config: Optional[Union[QConfigMapping, Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
        backend_config: Union[BackendConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        r""" Prepare a model for post training static quantization

        Args:
          * `model` (torch.nn.Module): torch.nn.Module model

          * `qconfig_mapping` (QConfigMapping): QConfigMapping object to configure how a model is
             quantized, see :class:`~torch.ao.quantization.qconfig_mapping.QConfigMapping`
             for more details

          * `example_inputs` (Tuple[Any, ...]): Example inputs for forward function of the model,
             Tuple of positional args (keyword args can be passed as positional args as well)

          * `prepare_custom_config` (PrepareCustomConfig): customization configuration for quantization tool.
              See :class:`~torch.ao.quantization.fx.custom_config.PrepareCustomConfig` for more details

          * `_equalization_config`: config for specifying how to perform equalization on the model

          * `backend_config` (BackendConfig): config that specifies how operators are quantized
             in a backend, this includes how the operators are observed,
             supported fusion patterns, how quantize/dequantize ops are
             inserted, supported dtypes etc. See :class:`~torch.ao.quantization.backend_config.BackendConfig` for more details

        Return:
          A GraphModule with observer (configured by qconfig_mapping), ready for calibration

        Example::

            import torch
            from torch.ao.quantization import get_default_qconfig_mapping
            from torch.ao.quantization.quantize_fx import prepare_fx

            class Submodule(torch.nn.Module):
                def __init__(self):
                    super().__init__()
                    self.linear = torch.nn.Linear(5, 5)
                def forward(self, x):
                    x = self.linear(x)
                    return x

            class M(torch.nn.Module):
                def __init__(self):
                    super().__init__()
                    self.linear = torch.nn.Linear(5, 5)
                    self.sub = Submodule()

                def forward(self, x):
                    x = self.linear(x)
                    x = self.sub(x) + x
                    return x

            # initialize a floating point model
            float_model = M().eval()

            # define calibration function
            def calibrate(model, data_loader):
                model.eval()
                with torch.no_grad():
                    for image, target in data_loader:
                        model(image)

            # qconfig is the configuration for how we insert observers for a particular
            # operator
            # qconfig = get_default_qconfig("fbgemm")
            # Example of customizing qconfig:
            # qconfig = torch.ao.quantization.QConfig(
            #    activation=MinMaxObserver.with_args(dtype=torch.qint8),
            #    weight=MinMaxObserver.with_args(dtype=torch.qint8))
            # `activation` and `weight` are constructors of observer module

            # qconfig_mapping is a collection of quantization configurations, user can
            # set the qconfig for each operator (torch op calls, functional calls, module calls)
            # in the model through qconfig_mapping
            # the following call will get the qconfig_mapping that works best for models
            # that target "fbgemm" backend
            qconfig_mapping = get_default_qconfig_mapping("fbgemm")

            # We can customize qconfig_mapping in different ways.
            # e.g. set the global qconfig, which means we will use the same qconfig for
            # all operators in the model, this can be overwritten by other settings
            # qconfig_mapping = QConfigMapping().set_global(qconfig)
            # e.g. quantize the linear submodule with a specific qconfig
            # qconfig_mapping = QConfigMapping().set_module_name("linear", qconfig)
            # e.g. quantize all nn.Linear modules with a specific qconfig
            # qconfig_mapping = QConfigMapping().set_object_type(torch.nn.Linear, qconfig)
            # for a more complete list, please see the docstring for :class:`torch.ao.quantization.QConfigMapping`
            # argument

            # example_inputs is a tuple of inputs, that is used to infer the type of the
            # outputs in the model
            # currently it's not used, but please make sure model(*example_inputs) runs
            example_inputs = (torch.randn(1, 3, 224, 224),)

            # TODO: add backend_config after we split the backend_config for fbgemm and qnnpack
            # e.g. backend_config = get_default_backend_config("fbgemm")
            # `prepare_fx` inserts observers in the model based on qconfig_mapping and
            # backend_config. If the configuration for an operator in qconfig_mapping
            # is supported in the backend_config (meaning it's supported by the target
            # hardware), we'll insert observer modules according to the qconfig_mapping
            # otherwise the configuration in qconfig_mapping will be ignored
            #
            # Example:
            # in qconfig_mapping, user sets linear module to be quantized with quint8 for
            # activation and qint8 for weight:
            # qconfig = torch.ao.quantization.QConfig(
            #     observer=MinMaxObserver.with_args(dtype=torch.quint8),
            #     weight=MinMaxObserver.with-args(dtype=torch.qint8))
            # Note: current qconfig api does not support setting output observer, but
            # we may extend this to support these more fine grained control in the
            # future
            #
            # qconfig_mapping = QConfigMapping().set_object_type(torch.nn.Linear, qconfig)
            # in backend config, linear module also supports in this configuration:
            # weighted_int8_dtype_config = DTypeConfig(
            #   input_dtype=torch.quint8,
            #   output_dtype=torch.quint8,
            #   weight_dtype=torch.qint8,
            #   bias_type=torch.float)

            # linear_pattern_config = BackendPatternConfig(torch.nn.Linear) \
            #    .set_observation_type(ObservationType.OUTPUT_USE_DIFFERENT_OBSERVER_AS_INPUT) \
            #    .add_dtype_config(weighted_int8_dtype_config) \
            #    ...

            # backend_config = BackendConfig().set_backend_pattern_config(linear_pattern_config)
            # `prepare_fx` will check that the setting requested by suer in qconfig_mapping
            # is supported by the backend_config and insert observers and fake quant modules
            # in the model
            prepared_model = prepare_fx(float_model, qconfig_mapping, example_inputs)
            # Run calibration
            calibrate(prepared_model, sample_inference_data)
        """
        torch._C._log_api_usage_once("quantization_api.quantize_fx.prepare_fx")
        return _prepare_fx(
            model,
            qconfig_mapping,
            False,  # is_qat
            example_inputs,
            prepare_custom_config,
            _equalization_config,
            backend_config,
        )

    def prepare_qat_fx(
        model: torch.nn.Module,
        qconfig_mapping: Union[QConfigMapping, Dict[str, Any]],
        example_inputs: Tuple[Any, ...],
        prepare_custom_config: Union[PrepareCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        backend_config: Union[BackendConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        r""" Prepare a model for quantization aware training

        Args:
          * `model` (torch.nn.Module): torch.nn.Module model
          * `qconfig_mapping` (QConfigMapping): see :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.prepare_fx`
          * `example_inputs` (Tuple[Any, ...]): see :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.prepare_fx`
          * `prepare_custom_config` (PrepareCustomConfig): see :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.prepare_fx`
          * `backend_config` (BackendConfig): see :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.prepare_fx`

        Return:
          A GraphModule with fake quant modules (configured by qconfig_mapping and backend_config), ready for
          quantization aware training

        Example::

            import torch
            from torch.ao.quantization import get_default_qat_qconfig_mapping
            from torch.ao.quantization.quantize_fx import prepare_qat_fx

            class Submodule(torch.nn.Module):
                def __init__(self):
                    super().__init__()
                    self.linear = torch.nn.Linear(5, 5)
                def forward(self, x):
                    x = self.linear(x)
                    return x

            class M(torch.nn.Module):
                def __init__(self):
                    super().__init__()
                    self.linear = torch.nn.Linear(5, 5)
                    self.sub = Submodule()

                def forward(self, x):
                    x = self.linear(x)
                    x = self.sub(x) + x
                    return x

            # initialize a floating point model
            float_model = M().train()
            # (optional, but preferred) load the weights from pretrained model
            # float_model.load_weights(...)

            # define the training loop for quantization aware training
            def train_loop(model, train_data):
                model.train()
                for image, target in data_loader:
                    ...

            # qconfig is the configuration for how we insert observers for a particular
            # operator
            # qconfig = get_default_qconfig("fbgemm")
            # Example of customizing qconfig:
            # qconfig = torch.ao.quantization.QConfig(
            #    activation=FakeQuantize.with_args(observer=MinMaxObserver.with_args(dtype=torch.qint8)),
            #    weight=FakeQuantize.with_args(observer=MinMaxObserver.with_args(dtype=torch.qint8)))
            # `activation` and `weight` are constructors of observer module

            # qconfig_mapping is a collection of quantization configurations, user can
            # set the qconfig for each operator (torch op calls, functional calls, module calls)
            # in the model through qconfig_mapping
            # the following call will get the qconfig_mapping that works best for models
            # that target "fbgemm" backend
            qconfig_mapping = get_default_qat_qconfig("fbgemm")

            # We can customize qconfig_mapping in different ways, please take a look at
            # the docstring for :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.prepare_fx` for different ways
            # to configure this

            # example_inputs is a tuple of inputs, that is used to infer the type of the
            # outputs in the model
            # currently it's not used, but please make sure model(*example_inputs) runs
            example_inputs = (torch.randn(1, 3, 224, 224),)

            # TODO: add backend_config after we split the backend_config for fbgemm and qnnpack
            # e.g. backend_config = get_default_backend_config("fbgemm")
            # `prepare_qat_fx` inserts observers in the model based on qconfig_mapping and
            # backend_config, if the configuration for an operator in qconfig_mapping
            # is supported in the backend_config (meaning it's supported by the target
            # hardware), we'll insert fake_quantize modules according to the qconfig_mapping
            # otherwise the configuration in qconfig_mapping will be ignored
            # see :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.prepare_fx` for a detailed explanation of
            # how qconfig_mapping interacts with backend_config
            prepared_model = prepare_qat_fx(float_model, qconfig_mapping, example_inputs)
            # Run training
            train_loop(prepared_model, train_loop)

        """
        torch._C._log_api_usage_once("quantization_api.quantize_fx.prepare_qat_fx")
        return _prepare_fx(
            model,
            qconfig_mapping,
            True,  # is_qat
            example_inputs,
            prepare_custom_config,
            backend_config=backend_config,
        )

    def _convert_fx(
        graph_module: GraphModule,
        is_reference: bool,
        convert_custom_config: Union[ConvertCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        is_standalone_module: bool = False,
        _remove_qconfig: bool = True,
        qconfig_mapping: Union[QConfigMapping, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        backend_config: Union[BackendConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        is_decomposed: bool = False,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        """ `is_standalone_module`: see docs in :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.prepare_standalone_module_fx`
        """
        if convert_custom_config is None:
            convert_custom_config = ConvertCustomConfig()

        if isinstance(convert_custom_config, Dict):
            warnings.warn(
                "Passing a convert_custom_config_dict to convert is deprecated and will not be supported "
                "in a future version. Please pass in a ConvertCustomConfig instead.")
            convert_custom_config = ConvertCustomConfig.from_dict(convert_custom_config)

        _check_is_graph_module(graph_module)
        preserved_attr_names = convert_custom_config.preserved_attributes
        preserved_attrs = {attr: getattr(graph_module, attr) for attr in preserved_attr_names if hasattr(graph_module, attr)}

        quantized = convert(
            graph_module,
            is_reference,
            convert_custom_config,
            is_standalone_module,
            _remove_qconfig_flag=_remove_qconfig,
            qconfig_mapping=qconfig_mapping,
            backend_config=backend_config,
            is_decomposed=is_decomposed,
        )

        attach_preserved_attrs_to_model(quantized, preserved_attrs)
        return quantized

    def convert_fx(
        graph_module: GraphModule,
        convert_custom_config: Union[ConvertCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        _remove_qconfig: bool = True,
        qconfig_mapping: Union[QConfigMapping, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        backend_config: Union[BackendConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        r""" Convert a calibrated or trained model to a quantized model

        Args:
            * `graph_module` (torch.fx.GraphModule): A prepared and calibrated/trained model (GraphModule)

            * `convert_custom_config` (ConvertCustomConfig): custom configurations for convert function.
                See :class:`~torch.ao.quantization.fx.custom_config.ConvertCustomConfig` for more details

            * `_remove_qconfig` (bool): Option to remove the qconfig attributes in the model after convert.

            * `qconfig_mapping` (QConfigMapping): config for specifying how to convert a model for quantization.

               The keys must include the ones in the qconfig_mapping passed to `prepare_fx` or `prepare_qat_fx`,
               with the same values or `None`. Additional keys can be specified with values set to `None`.

              For each entry whose value is set to None, we skip quantizing that entry in the model::

                qconfig_mapping = QConfigMapping
                    .set_global(qconfig_from_prepare)
                    .set_object_type(torch.nn.functional.add, None)  # skip quantizing torch.nn.functional.add
                    .set_object_type(torch.nn.functional.linear, qconfig_from_prepare)
                    .set_module_name("foo.bar", None)  # skip quantizing module "foo.bar"

             * `backend_config` (BackendConfig): A configuration for the backend which describes how
                operators should be quantized in the backend, this includes quantization
                mode support (static/dynamic/weight_only), dtype support (quint8/qint8 etc.),
                observer placement for each operators and fused operators.
                See :class:`~torch.ao.quantization.backend_config.BackendConfig` for more details

        Return:
            A quantized model (torch.nn.Module)

        Example::

            # prepared_model: the model after prepare_fx/prepare_qat_fx and calibration/training
            # convert_fx converts a calibrated/trained model to a quantized model for the
            # target hardware, this includes converting the model first to a reference
            # quantized model, and then lower the reference quantized model to a backend
            # Currently, the supported backends are fbgemm (onednn), qnnpack (xnnpack) and
            # they share the same set of quantized operators, so we are using the same
            # lowering procedure
            #
            # backend_config defines the corresponding reference quantized module for
            # the weighted modules in the model, e.g. nn.Linear
            # TODO: add backend_config after we split the backend_config for fbgemm and qnnpack
            # e.g. backend_config = get_default_backend_config("fbgemm")
            quantized_model = convert_fx(prepared_model)

        """
        torch._C._log_api_usage_once("quantization_api.quantize_fx.convert_fx")
        return _convert_fx(
            graph_module,
            is_reference=False,
            convert_custom_config=convert_custom_config,
            _remove_qconfig=_remove_qconfig,
            qconfig_mapping=qconfig_mapping,
            backend_config=backend_config,
        )

    def convert_to_reference_fx(
        graph_module: GraphModule,
        convert_custom_config: Union[ConvertCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        _remove_qconfig: bool = True,
        qconfig_mapping: Union[QConfigMapping, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        backend_config: Union[BackendConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        r""" Convert a calibrated or trained model to a reference quantized model,
        see https://github.com/pytorch/rfcs/blob/master/RFC-0019-Extending-PyTorch-Quantization-to-Custom-Backends.md for more details,
        reference quantized model is a standard representation of a quantized model provided
        by FX Graph Mode Quantization, it can be further lowered to run on the target
        hardware, like accelerators

        Args:
            * `graph_module` (GraphModule): A prepared and calibrated/trained model (GraphModule)

            * `convert_custom_config` (ConvertCustomConfig): custom configurations for convert function.
                See :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.quantize_fx.convert_fx` for more details.

            * `_remove_qconfig` (bool): Option to remove the qconfig attributes in the model after convert.

            * `qconfig_mapping` (QConfigMapping): config for specifying how to convert a model for quantization.
                See :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.quantize_fx.convert_fx` for more details.

             * `backend_config` (BackendConfig): A configuration for the backend which describes how
                operators should be quantized in the backend. See
                :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.quantize_fx.convert_fx` for more details.

        Return:
            A reference quantized model (GraphModule)

        Example::

            # prepared_model: the model after prepare_fx/prepare_qat_fx and calibration/training
            # TODO: add backend_config after we split the backend_config for fbgemm and qnnpack
            # e.g. backend_config = get_default_backend_config("fbgemm")
            reference_quantized_model = convert_to_reference_fx(prepared_model)

        """
        torch._C._log_api_usage_once("quantization_api.quantize_fx.convert_to_reference_fx")
        return _convert_fx(
            graph_module,
            is_reference=True,
            convert_custom_config=convert_custom_config,
            _remove_qconfig=_remove_qconfig,
            qconfig_mapping=qconfig_mapping,
            backend_config=backend_config,
        )

    def _convert_to_reference_decomposed_fx(
        graph_module: GraphModule,
        convert_custom_config: Union[ConvertCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        _remove_qconfig: bool = True,
        qconfig_mapping: Union[QConfigMapping, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
        backend_config: Union[BackendConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        r""" Convert a calibrated or trained model to a reference quantized model, with
        decomposed representation for quantized Tensor
        see https://github.com/pytorch/rfcs/blob/master/RFC-0019-Extending-PyTorch-Quantization-to-Custom-Backends.md for more details,
        reference quantized model is a standard representation of a quantized model provided
        by FX Graph Mode Quantization, it can be further lowered to run on the target
        hardware, like accelerators

        Note: this is not public API

        Args:
            * `graph_module` (GraphModule): A prepared and calibrated/trained model (GraphModule)

            * `convert_custom_config` (ConvertCustomConfig): custom configurations for convert function.
                See :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.quantize_fx.convert_fx` for more details.

            * `_remove_qconfig` (bool): Option to remove the qconfig attributes in the model after convert.

            * `qconfig_mapping` (QConfigMapping): config for specifying how to convert a model for quantization.
                See :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.quantize_fx.convert_fx` for more details.

             * `backend_config` (BackendConfig): A configuration for the backend which describes how
                operators should be quantized in the backend. See
                :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.quantize_fx.convert_fx` for more details.

        Return:
            A reference quantized model (GraphModule) with operators working with decomposed quantized Tensor

        Example::

            # prepared_model: the model after prepare_fx/prepare_qat_fx and calibration/training
            # TODO: add backend_config after we split the backend_config for fbgemm and qnnpack
            # e.g. backend_config = get_default_backend_config("fbgemm")
            reference_quantized_model = _convert_to_reference_decomposed_fx(prepared_model)

        """
        torch._C._log_api_usage_once("quantization_api.quantize_fx._convert_to_reference_decomposed_fx")
        return _convert_fx(
            graph_module,
            is_reference=True,
            convert_custom_config=convert_custom_config,
            _remove_qconfig=_remove_qconfig,
            qconfig_mapping=qconfig_mapping,
            backend_config=backend_config,
            is_decomposed=True,
        )

    def _convert_standalone_module_fx(
        graph_module: GraphModule,
        is_reference: bool = False,
        convert_custom_config: Union[ConvertCustomConfig, Dict[str, Any], None] = None,
    ) -> GraphModule:
        r""" [Internal use only] Convert a model produced by :func:`~torch.ao.quantization.prepare_standalone_module_fx`
        and convert it to a quantized model

        Returns a quantized standalone module, whether input/output is quantized is
        specified by prepare_custom_config, with
        input_quantized_idxs, output_quantized_idxs, please
        see docs for prepare_fx for details
        """
        return _convert_fx(
            graph_module,
            is_reference,
            convert_custom_config,
            is_standalone_module=True,
        )

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